The osteoarthritis of the knee joint (gonar rose, osteoarthrosis) is deformation and destruction of cartilage that is accompanied by pain.This disease can lead to a loss of functionality and even disability.The disease often affects women over 40 years, especially susceptible to abundance.At a young age, osteoarthritis occurs due to injuries during sports or hard physical work.The disease can be one or bilateral if both legs are affected.It is necessary to treat the pathology comprehensively.
The reasons for the development
There are two forms of osteoarthritis of the knee joint, depending on the causes of the disease:
- primary;
- Secondary.
The primary form develops in childhood and is associated with the improper formation of ribbons or joints that are deformed even more during physical activity.
The secondary form is caused by the reasons described in the table:
| Reasons | Description |
| Injuries | Fractures, transfers, meniscus damage.These are these factors that contribute to the development of osteoarthritis at a young age.In the presence of injuries, it becomes impossible to bend and bend the limb.Treatment consists in the temporary fixation of the leg, which worsens the bloodstream process.This is the reason for the formation of osteoarthritis.If a meniscus is removed, the symptoms develop in 9 out of 10 cases |
| Increased loads | You have to correspond to the age of a person.In the event of excessive loads, microtrauma and stretching occur, which are not always felt, but rather harm the condition of the joints.All movements during sport should be smooth.The knee joints are most amazing when running and squats |
| Overweight | This factor causes meniscus damage.In the case of full people, the restoration of the knee joint occurs longer, since the additional load made of excess weight lies exactly on the knees.The severe form of osteoarthritis due to obesity is created in connection with varicose veins |
| The weakness of the band apparatus | This condition is most often combined with the so -called mobile joints.In this case, a person has a flexible body and can sit on the cord without warm up, which leads to microtrauma and then to arthrosis if more damage is created.The mobility of the joints can also be associated with an impairment of the leg sensitivity, so that a person does not feel pain in the damage |
| Common diseases | Osteoarthritis often occurs in the presence of arthritis (rheumatoid, reactive or psoriatic).In this case, the synovial fluid is accumulated in the joint cavity, which leads to the destruction of the tissue and osteoarthritis |
| Violation of metabolic processes | If disorders occur in the fabric, you do not receive the required minerals and substances.Calcium deficiency affects the cartilage state negative.This condition also leads to salt deposits |
| stress | With constant nervous stress and mood swings, a deterioration in blood circulation occurs in the legs, swelling and inflammation occur |
The disease can occur in a (right or left hand) or a bilateral form:
- Violation is the cause of osteoarthritis;
- Obesity - bilateral.
Symptoms
The symptoms of arthrosis of the knee joint differ depending on the stage of the disease.The classic order of your occurrence is described in the table:
| symptom | Description |
| Cracing and clicking on joints | This symptom often remains unnoticed, although the crunch shows the beginning of the process.To determine his presence, you should put your hand on the knee switch and slowly bend and turn out.Crunch or clicks are pretty simple |
| pain | At the beginning of the degenerative changes, it is almost not noticeable and intensified according to static stress (weight lifting).On the contrary, the dynamic stress improves the nutrition of the cartilage.Pain is associated with the exposure of the nerve endings when deleting cartilage tissue.With the progression of the disease, the pain increases, since the inflammatory process and the edema have also occurred.The development of a pronounced inflammation is signal pain that even occurs in peace |
| Station of the makers | This condition usually occurs after night sleep and lasts 30-60 minutes.The fibrin film is formed during the inactivity of the joint and mechanically prevents its movement after sleep until it is partially deleted.The stiffness of movements that last more than an hour |
| Reduction of the amplitude of movements | It manifests itself in the impossibility of bending the leg in the knee to the end.The patient tries to minimize pain and tries to move his foot less.Over time, the ligaments are adapted to a small volume of movements and shorten |
| Increasing the joint volume | It occurs due to the swelling of the soft tissues that surround the joint and the spiked growth along the edge, which merges into a single array with the progression of the disease |
| Joint in a position | In this case, the joint is blocked in a certain position and pain is painful with any shift.This happens due to changes in the joint surface, in which the inner ligaments go beyond the natural rocky promotes of the bones, which leads to their stretch.The connection is fixed in a certain position and can return to the initial, which can only be used with the reverse volume of the band.In rare cases, the jamming occurs due to foreign bodies (for example parts of the meniscus) in the common gap |
| Transfer and subluxation | These conditions are found with advanced osteoarthritis.If the hand is transferred, the axis of the legs shifts to the side and inserting the joint is quite difficult.The subluxation is associated with a partial shift in the joint surface relative to the normal position.In this case the pain is pronounced, but the deviation of the lower leg towards the light |
Degree and type of disease
There are 3 degrees diseases that depend on the severity of the symptoms.
First
The osteoarthritis of the 1st degree is almost asymptomatic.In this case they are characterized by:
- Fatigue in the legs;
- A little pain after the load that goes alone;
- easy decrease in mobility after sleep;
- rarely - the accumulation of synovial fluid, which leads to the formation of a baker's cyst;
The joint deformation is not strange on the outside.In X rays, the disease is either not visible, or small irregularities on the cartilage tissue and the surface of the bone are shown.Additional studies are required without failure.
The second
The symptoms in this case become more pronounced:
- The pain occurs from the minimum burden, but it goes by after rest;
- A crunch occurs during the movement;
- It becomes impossible to bend the leg;
- The bones of the common change;
- Synovitis advances;
- The shape of the joint changes, which is connected to the accumulation of liquid.
The growth of the bone can be felt in the X -Ray.
The third
For the osteoarthritis of the 3rd degree, characteristic features are:
- Pain that is not related to the load (the joint also disturbs at night);
- Fully disturbed mobility;
- Sensitivity of the joint to change the weather.
The X -ray image shows changes in the cartilage and the surface of the joint.The curvature of the legs leads to a disability.
Deforming arthrosis (DOA) is caused by the deposition of bones.Most of the time, women with excess weight suffer from them.The main symptoms are acute pain and crunch in the joint.Treatment should also be started in the initial phase - in this case the chance of protecting the cartilage tissue is quite high.
Depending on the localization, arthrosis can be:
- Knee;
- Hip (Coksartrose);
- cervical;
- Shoulder;
- Lotar;
- Ankle;
- Idling.
Comprehensive treatment
The therapy of this disease is quite long.Depending on the degree of illness, there are 3 main stages of treatment:
| The degree of arthrosis | Therapeutic measures |
| 1. |
|
| 2. |
|
| 3. |
|
Medication
Medicines are based on 3 groups of medication:
- Non -steroidal anti -inflammatory medication.
- Glucocorticosteroids.
- Chondroprotectors.
NSAID
This is a group of medication that has anti -inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects.They are divided into two groups:
- Not elegant.The anti -inflammatory effect of the drug manifests itself on all tissues of the body, including healthy.
- Selectively.Fact directly on the focus of the inflammation.
The most common side effect of these drugs is the formation of ulcers and erosion of the stomach and 12-personemail damp.It is also recommended to take means to protect the mucous membrane.At the same time, local NSAIDs do not provoke such negative consequences so that they can be used for a long time.
In order to achieve quick pain relief and anti -inflammatory effect, intramuscular injections with NSAIDS are prescribed.
Glucocorticosteroid
These drugs are prescribed if the effect of the NSAIDs is not sufficient.
Hormonal compounds for arthrosis are only used locally - in the form of ointments or intra -karticular injections.Ointments with glucocorticosteroids cannot be used for more than 7-10 days in a row.A longer course leads to atrophy of the skin at the location.
Injections are necessary if pain relievers and anti -inflammatory effects of NSAID and ointment with hormones are not sufficient.
The effect of injections in the joint occurs pretty quickly: the patient feels relieved in the first half hour.The duration of the injection depends on how long the medication will be in the joint cave.This is influenced by two factors - the volume of the drug administered and its consumption.The more the cartilage damage is, the more the medication is consumed.
Chondroprotectors
The mechanism of action of this group of medicines is based on the delivery of substances that are required to restore the articular cartilage.During therapy with chondroprotectors:
- There is no anti -inflammatory and analgesic effect;
- The therapeutic effect is gradually taking place;
- It turns out that prevention is due to the prevention of further destruction of cartilage.
These drugs include substances that form the cartilage of the joint:
- the building materials of the cartilage, which is necessary to maintain its structure;
- The basis for the production of intra -articular liquid.
It is necessary to take drugs for a long time (3-5 months).
Physiotherapy
The physiotherapy of arthrosis is a method of physical influence that has an advantageous effect on the condition of the knee joint.The main condition for achieving a positive result is the right choice of the necessary procedures.
Physiotherapy is just an aid.
The table describes the methods used for the osteoarthritis of the knee joint:
| name | Effect | The duration of the treatments |
| Electrophoresis with medication | Under the influence of direct electrical current, some medication can be delivered to the deep tissue of the joint.Anesthetics and chlorine medication are most frequently prescribed | Half an hour a day for 2 weeks |
| Ultrafonophoresis | With ultraviolets waves, the active substances of medicinal products penetrate deep into the tissue.Hormonal, anti -inflammatory and painkillers are used together | For 10-14 days not more than 10 minutes a day |
| Laser radiation | Specific molecules are activated under the influence of the light radiation bundle, which contributes to the restoration of metabolic and regeneration processes in the fabric | For 2 weeks 7-10 minutes a day |
| Infrared radiation | Deep heating of the tissue | 10 minutes.The course of treatment - 1 week |
| Impulsive magnetotherapy | Under the influence of a high frequency magnetic field, changes occur in cells and tissues - membranes are strengthened, metabolic processes are normalized | Per joint - 5-8 minutes for 7 days |
| Local cryotherapy | Under the influence of low temperatures (a current cold air to -30 degrees), the functions of all basic systems increase, which stimulates the tissue control | 10 minutes per joint for 10 days |
Some methods can make the condition of the knee joint worse.
Surgical intervention
The medical treatment method is aimed at the maximum delay at the moment when the only way to therapy is the replacement of the diseased joint through artificial replacement.Most of the time, such a decision is made in the last stage of osteoarthritis.
The main methods of the surgical intervention are:
- Arthroscopy.A special needle is inserted by the puncture that eliminates bone growth that cause pain, cartilage and fragments.
- Prosthetics.In this case, the damaged connection is removed and replaced by artificial.Modern prostheses are rarely rejected by the body.
Training therapy
A number of exercises for osteoarthritis helps to restore and strengthen the joint function.They should be carried out slowly so as not to stretch the ligaments.
Description:
- Lying on the stomach and lifting your legs slowly until a right corner forms.The focus is on the muscles of the hips and lower legs.The stress in the back should not be allowed.
- Lying on the stomach and pulling up legs as far as possible.In this position, reduce and breed them alternately and breed them.This exercise is not suitable for everyone because the trained muscles of the press are required.It is not recommended to do it to people with high blood pressure.
- Lying on the side and the leg that is located below.Lift the upper leg up and linger up for a few seconds.
- Climb to the socks and stick to the back of the chair.Linger on the top while you strain your legs.
- Move one leg gently from the heel to toe.The other foot is to carry out the opposite action - from toe to the heel.
- Rinse on the back of the chair and stand on your heels, raise your socks and gradually increase the time.
- Standing standing and grating your legs vigorously in the direction of the knee to the thigh.
diet
There is no special diet for osteoarthritis.The performance correction aims to reduce body weight, reduce the inflammatory process and strengthen joint structures.
The diet should be compensated for with a high content of vitamins and minerals.
Basic principles:
- Restriction of salt consumption (up to 5-8 g a day) and salted products (canned goods, chips, salt).
- Exclusion of fried dishes.It is recommended to bake food, cook, cook or steam.
- Increasing fluid consumption (up to 2 to 2.5 liters of water per day).
- Transition to fractional nutrition.
- Daily use of 2-3 fruits.
It is recommended to use the following dishes:
- Fish and seafood;
- Nuts;
- Sunflower, olive and linseed oil;
- Low -fat meat and chicken;
- Fresh berries and fruits;
- Vegetables - beets, tomatoes, carrots, cabbage;
- Whole grain bread;
- Milk and dairy products.
Folk methods
Before using folk remedies, it is recommended to clarify the diagnosis and consult a doctor.The most effective recipes are described in the table:
| Ingredients | Application method |
| Nettle leaves and juniper berries in the same amount, honey in a ratio of 1: 3 |
|
| Roots, flowers or branches of black Elderberry |
|
| Laurel leaf - 10 g, 250 ml of water |
|
| Dry mustard and honey (2 tablespoons), egg |
|
| Cabbage |
|
| Chamomile, Calendula, Burdock in the same amounts, oil jelly |
|
The osteoarthritis of the knee joint is a serious disease that cannot be completely healed.When the first symptoms occur, it is recommended to consult a doctor and to follow all of his recommendations so as not to bring the disease into the last level.